mobile

Josh Nesbit is the co-founder and CEO of Medic Mobile, a nonprofit technology company advancing globale health equity. This post contains personal opinions, and does not necessarily reflect the views of Medic Mobile.

Almost every week, there’s a new article about technology’s double-edged effects on our generation - e.g. our changing memory, the war on quiet, or the fear-inducing “Always-On Attention Deficit Disorder” - with half of “internet experts” claiming Millennials will suffer from hyperconnected lives.

Many worry about tech’s impact on empathy and presence. Look at those 20-somethings on their iPhones at the dinner table ... they don’t care about each other, the people around them, or living in the moment. We’re all doomed.

Not so fast. Let’s tack a step back and look at empathy - more specifically, our moral circles, as articulated by philosopher Peter Singer. We psychologically and emotionally draw a line around those who deserve our moral attention. If you’re inside my line, I’m concerned about you. If you’re outside, tough luck. Decision framing does matter, but there’s been an important trend towards expanding our moral circles as society has evolved.

A crude and incomplete summary - over time, these circles started with ourselves and nuclear families, then extended to additional family, friends, local neighbors, our social class, people in our state, people in our nation, on outwards. Singer says:

“If I have seen that from an ethical point of view I am just one person among the many in my society, and my interests are no more important, from the point of view of the whole, than the similar interests of others within my society, I am ready to see that, from a still larger point of view, my society is just one among other societies, and the interests of members of my society are no more important, from that larger perspective, than the similar interests of members of other societies... Taking the impartial element in ethical reasoning to its logical conclusion means, first, accepting that we ought to have equal concern for all human beings.”

What’s our current status? In an interesting study, thousands of individuals across six countries participated in a public good distribution experiment - the research showed that, “as country and individual levels of globalization increase, so too does individual cooperation at the global level vis-à-vis the local level.” We may not have much control over our country’s trade and globalization indexes, but once individuals get online, we rarely turn back. Increasingly, we are citizens of the internet.

I think this is a good thing. Mobile phones and the web may provide the push we need to extend our circles to everyone, for the first time in history. The bulk of the next billion mobile connections will be in developing, rural areas around the globe. Whether it’s via text message, a Twitter exchange, or a comment thread on Reddit, global conversations will become more common.

There are 6 billion mobile subscriptions, more than four billion mobile users, 800 million Facebook users, and 300 million people on Twitter. Those 20-somethings tapping away on their phones aren’t disregarding humanity, they’re showing up for a conversation at a much bigger, digital table. Physical space no longer owns our experience of each moment. The bottom line is that other people matter, too; this is hard to hear if you’re in someone’s immediate surroundings and you are deemed less important or less in need of attention. The benefits will outweigh this initial social awkwardness, though, and may help us tackle big challenges requiring unprecedented levels of empathy and understanding.

Fellows Friday is a weekly series on the TED Blog that profiles one TED Fellow each week. We have asked the Fellows to answer our question below to share their knowledge and advice with other social entrepreneurs, innovators, and changemakers who are coming up with big ideas that can change the world. Read past Fellows' answers here.

Creator of CellBazaar, a virtual marketplace that can be accessed via mobile phone, Kamal Quadir is on to his next mobile phone-based venture, bKash. This new company provides access to financial services through the mobile phone. Kamal divides his time between homes in America and Bangladesh, yet this nationally-recognized artist still squeezes in time to paint -- sometimes while on an airplane home!

Question: There are many aspiring social entrepreneurs out there who are trying to take their passion and ideas to the next level.  What is one piece of advice you would give to them based on your own experiences and successes? 

Answer: Every country, and every community, is very different. What I find is a good way of solving problems in Bangladesh or the US may not be applicable to somewhere else. So a social entrepreneur must figure out, “What is the competitive advantage we have here?”

I spoke of Bangladesh’s tremendous mobile network before. But Bangladesh has other competitive advantages. For example, how is Bangladesh able to feed the equivalent of half the US population, from land area that is the size of the state of Wisconsin? We have farms that can be harvested four times a year. Things grow very quickly. If you have a mango seed and plant it, in a few years you’ll have a mango tree growing mangoes.

In such a populous country, our biggest resource is our people. When I do a project here, a lot of people are always involved. When I did CellBazaar, I involved hundreds of people to educate millions of people on how to use the technology.

This time, with bKash, which is a joint venture of a US company Money in Motion and BRAC Bank, I am literally deploying thousands of people to teach millions of people how to use bKash. Why spend money on expensive newspaper or television ads that may not reach the target market very well? If I teach common people to go door-to-door to teach people how to use this mobile banking, it is not only creating jobs, it’s also giving people first-hand teaching of a new technology which really cannot be taught with those expensive ads.

So finding the advantage and capitalizing on it is the important thing. Think hard and find out, “Is this my competitive advantage?”

Read the rest of Kamal Quadir's interview here.

The mobile giving response to the Haiti earthquake signaled a clear shift in the public's willingness to use their phones as quick donation devices. The number of campaigns, the more than $35 million raised via this method, and the number of people who participated by kicking in $5 or $10 at a time are all impressive and meaningful data points. The ease and immediacy of text donations will surely continue to make it a go-to method for crisis response. But I wonder if it was really all it could have been.

At the time, some wondered if the mobile giving campaigns were a bit of a handicap in disguise because they might give someone the psychological satisfaction of having done their part by donating a quick $5 or $10, when they might have otherwise donated much more online, by mail or in person. It can be argued that it’s simple and small ask might have drawn in many people who might not have given at all.

The work in Haiti is far from done, but with crazy Icelandic volcanoes, a historic healthcare bill and continued concern over the global economy, it’s fading from the headlines already. And the Clinton Bush Haiti Fund, for example, continues to actively raise money for long-term rebuilding efforts. But I wonder how many of the people who contributed text donations during the first few days after the earthquake have even considered giving again. It seems none of the organizations employing mobile giving campaigns have figured out how to promote continued engagement.

I’ll offer myself as an example. I made two donations in the days following the earthquake – one to the Red Cross via text and one online to Partners in Health. Partners in Health has sent me three email updates on what my money has been doing and information about opportunities to continue being a part of the recovery effort. So far, I have received nothing from the Red Cross since the day I confirmed my donation via text – even though the terms and conditions of the donation stated I could receive up to four texts from them per month. I asked around a bit and heard of only one organization, based in Canada, that has done any follow up so far via text.

While I understand the constraints of 160 characters, I’m surprised and disappointed. I hoped we would see creative ways, or at least attempts, to continue engaging this mobile audience who sent $35 million to Haiti. Especially with more than 40 percent of Americans on smart phones, it seems these organizations could have sent a photo, a sentence, a link to their website with the promise of an update for those who click through. Had they done so, they probably could have found some repeat donors and advocates for their organizations and additional help for the people of Haiti. In some cases, the nonprofits may not yet be able to obtain the phone numbers of the people who gave or they may not have decided how to walk the line between maintaining engagement and annoying these donors in the relatively uncharted territory of mobile giving. Either way, I hope nonprofits are able to continue to move this ball forward soon. 

With all the capabilities of social media and technology, donors are beginning to feel more and more like empowered consumers and shareholders, who expect follow up. If the thousands of people who donated via text to Haiti aren’t engaged or asked again, they might not send another dollar to Haiti – a country that will need support for some time to come. When another crisis happens and organizations launch mobile giving campaigns in response, I trust that they will still succeed in raising a new record-breaking amount, but I hope to see some additional innovation by these organizations to help mobilize and engage people who want to give more than $10.

Early yesterday evening, the American Red Cross announced it had received more than $5 Million in texts, $10 at a time. That means more than 500,000 people from all over America have texted "HAITI" to 90999. Although they are still raising much more through other forms ($35 million so far in total), this is a record for the organization and for mobile giving. Previously, the Red Cross's most successful mobile giving campaign was in 2008, when they raised $200,000 in response to the hurricane season. Other groups, including Wyclef Jean's Yele Haiti and the Clinton Foundation, are also accepting text donations. It's amazing to see how people are responding to this crisis through various forms of giving, and I wonder what this will mean for future mobile campaigns. In addition, Ushahidi has adapted its mobile mapping technology to assist in the relief efforts. As of this morning, 425 reports have been posted through voice, text and video to help find and map urgent needs, threats, survivor information and response.

We have talked on this blog about how 2010 might be the year of mobile, when adoption and technology catch up with other parts of the world and we begin using our cell phones in new and innovative ways. I wonder if this Haiti response is any indication of what's to come. As we learn more about these efforts and the numbers behind them, the public may have more questions and reactions that could help improve the mobile giving process.

This will lead to increased comfort (and therefore use of) mobile giving, disaster response platforms and other budding technology. I'm sure there are thousands of people who are being compelled to give via text for the first time because of this crisis. People who were unsure about giving at football games or while watching American Idol may have been pushed over the hump by what is happening in Haiti. Odds are, they had a good experience. They received a confirmation text message, it will show up as $10 (and just $10) on their bill, and they will feel even more comfortable doing it again next time.

There will be pressure on the entities involved in mobile giving campaigns. Over the past few days, I've seen people in my Twitter stream pose questions about what the mobile service providers would be donating and how much money actually goes to the beneficiary. As the amount of money given to Haiti through text grows, there could be more questions about who, if anyone, is gaining from this. Through the Mobile Giving Foundation, 100% of donations will go to the organization you choose. Neither the Mobile Giving Foundation nor Verizon, At&T or whoever keeps you connected will take anything off the top. BUT the Mobile Giving website also states that they charge "back costs for short-code costs, reporting and messaging charges directly to the nonprofit organizations or their supporting service providers on a post-donation basis."

I've not been able to find out how much money we are talking about here, but a Seattle Times article last year cited the amount as 10 cents per transaction. If I'm reading this right, 100% of mobile donations may go to the organization, but the organization has to pay mobile marketing companies like mGive to be able to receive these donations. There may be special arrangements made around this campaign for Haiti, but people are going to want to know what these charges are. Undoubtedly, providing this mobile donation service costs money, so mGive and organizations have to charge something to be able to continue providing this service, but this might be the perfect CSR opportunity for a major service provider like Verizon or AT&T. If I were them, I might drop the commercials about the maps for a commercial about how they are funding organizations like mGive and the Mobile Giving Foundation so nonprofits don't have to pay anything to receive mobile donations.

In addition, while service providers are not taking anything off the top of these donations, they are still charging whatever service fee you agreed to when you signed up for your plan. Let's say your plan charges 10 cents per text sent and received. When you consider that you send one text and receive up to three (I did) to confirm your donation, Verizon is making 40 cents on your donation. I think as we realize how much money that adds up to, there will be calls for service providers to either waive all fees on mobile donations or to donate that money.

There also may unfortunately be a little bit of backlash. The fine print says that when you donate $10 by texting "HAITI" to 90999, you are also agreeing to receive up to four texts per month from the Red Cross. While unsubscribing is easy enough (just text "STOP" to 90999), I'm sure the vast majority of people do not know these texts are coming and may get annoyed with text solicitations pretty quickly.

Did you use mobile giving for the first time in response to Haiti? What was your experience and what are your questions?

For a few years now, I've been hearing people talk about how mobile will hold the next big wave of innovation here in the US. The exception to most technological advances, we are behind many developing nations in mobile. In Africa, for example, it is already being used for microlending, reporting violence and human rights abuses, crowdsourcing crisis information and HIV/AIDS prevention. Organizations like FrontlineSMS and Ushahidi are leading the way in using mobile for social good, and the UN is delivering food aid to refugees via text message.

Because so many people in the US have access to computers, mobile hasn't been a priority, but the convenience and utility of being able to give, bank, report, research and organize on the go may finally be dawning on us.

For a while now, we've been able to leverage the immediacy of being able to donate instantly to a cause that moves you through text to give campaigns. And with the help of the Mobile Giving Foundation, mobile giving is improving with respect to the range of organizations that can set up mobile giving campaigns and the percentage of the donation that actually reaches the nonprofit. Last year Alicia Keys demonstrated the power of mobile giving when she raised $450,000 for Keep a Child Alive from 90,000 mobile donors through one appeal on American Idol, and Ben Stiller has recently launched a series of hilarious Stillerstrong videos to raise money through mobile giving for a school in Haiti. For more about mobile giving, see extremely helpful articles by Joanne Fritz and Katrin Verclas.

When people ask what the next *big* thing in social media will be, the quickly growing, and moderately addictive, Foursquare is often the answer. Unlike Twitter and Facebook, it really only makes sense to use Foursquare on your phone because the purpose of the social media tool is to share with friends where you are out and about in your city and trade tips on deals, favorite dishes or places to watch the game. While I'm still getting into the habit of checking in when I go out, this game-meets-information-sharing platform has lots of potential. Once the reportedly coming-soon blackberry application is widely released, Foursquare will likely be widely used for not only impromptu happy hours, but also volunteering and community organizing.

Holiday bargain hunting has also proven an opportunity for new mobile applications. According to a Deloitte survey, one in five holiday shoppers says they are using their mobile phones to shop this year. The New York Times reports that "of those, 45 percent said they would use their phone to research prices, 32 percent said they would use it to find coupons or read reviews and 25 percent said they would make purchases from their phones."

There are a slue of applications that have been created for mobile-enhanced shopping, including one called ShopSavvy actually allows users to scan the barcode on an item and automatically search for the lowest price available near them. (Is it just me, or is that amazing?) And companies like Amazon and eBay, who says its mobile shoppers are spending $500 million this year, are trying to make it easier for customers to shop using their phones. Just as mobile is helping smart shoppers, applications are also being created to help retailers get smart about mobile. For example, Yowza uses GPS locations to send shoppers coupons for stores within walking distance of their location.

Although this may not be quite the heyday of mobile in the US yet, Foursquare will release a BlackBerry app and become widely adopted next year, and retailers will learn from the mobile use of consumers this holiday season. With all of this activity in mobile (finally) heating up, it seems like 2010 could be a big year. What do you hope to see in mobile innovation and adoption next year?

Guest blogger Emily Garrett is a junior at Northwestern University and a summer intern with the Case Foundation.

• Add your John Hancock to an online petition. Go to The Petition Site or Petition Online and sign a petition or start your own. Gather the masses to make change! Add the link to your Twitter or Facebook page to raise your numbers awareness even further.
• Get out of the house (or office) and do some hands on volunteering. There are many web sites to help you find a cool project in your area. Check out the White House’s Summer of Service site, VolunteerMatch, or Idealist to find something that fits your interests and benefits your neighborhood.
• Treat yourself to a Flip video camera and start shooting videos. Find things that are politically or social interesting and post your video on YouTube to raise awareness. Or if you’re already a whiz at video storytelling? Help nonprofits out. Join Youtube’s Video Volunteers and put your skills to good use.
• You’ve donated online, but have you joined a mobile giving campaign? Consult the Mobile Giving Foundation or mGive for a list of current campaigns and how to get involved. There are tons of ongoing campaigns including Doctors Without Borders, Invisible Children, Chicago 2016, and Malaria No More. Choose your favorite, and text to give.
• Miss the days of summer reading? Grab a book to expand your social citizen knowledge. Britt Bravo has a great list of “do gooder books” to keep you busy. Social by Social is also a great book on social media and social impact, and my personal favorite, Leaving Microsoft to Change the World by John Wood should get you inspired to make some changes in your community.
• You’re clicking around on YouTube anyway, so check out this video lecture by college professor Michael Wesch: An Anthropological Introduction to YouTube.
• Have a summer birthday? Donate it to your favorite cause. Go to Causes on Facebook, and tell your friends to donate to the cause instead of giving you a birthday gift. What easier way to raise money for your favorite organization then having Facebook solicit the donations for you? And besides do you really need another sweater from your mom?
• If you’re mass emailing resumes this summer, you’re not alone. Worried about finding a job in this economy and paying off your student loans or credit card debt? Join the 80 Million Strong Coalition to discuss the problems and find solutions to get the Millennial Generation fully employed.
• Are you obsessed with Twitter? Put that obsession to good use by pitching in to plan, or at least attend a Twestival local event in September to meet other Tweeters in your area and to raise money and awareness.

With all of the hype this week surrounding the unveiling of the Palm Pre, and the release of the new iPhone 3G S, people are walking the streets and “geeking out” everywhere. Could the Palm Pre really be the new iPhone killer? Where does Google’s Android fit into the hoopla? And for goodness sake, is there really an app that can cook dinner and do the dishes?

• This year’s $25,000 cash prize went to FrontlineSMS:Medic which utilizes FrontlineSMS software to empower community health workers in developing countries.
• Securing $15,000 and second place was on-demand crowd-sourced volunteerism platform, our friends, the Extraordinaries. This new platform allows volunteers from all over the world to dip in and volunteer spare moments in time to help solve a myriad of social problems.
• $10,000 and third place went to VozMob which enables those who don’t typically have access to digital technology to still take part in open source discussion and sharing, utilizing low-cost mobile devices.

Mobile Accord: Mobile application service provider dedicated to helping major non-profits, political organizations, universities, and corporate cause-marketers understand and benefit from the power of mobile technology.

Mobile Commons: Creator of a web-based application that helps cause-related organizations to create mobile programs using text messaging, voice calls, and web-based interactive components to spread the word about their cause.

Appfrica: A portal for new developments in African technological innovation and entrepreneurship, social media, web development, and education.

Mobile Giving Foundation:  A foundation which works to empower nonprofits through wireless communication by creating a "Mobile Giving Channel," allowing users to receive and respond to appeals from worthy causes.

This past weekend, I sat down with Ben Rigby and Jacob Colker in between sessions at the Net Impact Conference in Philly. Ben and Jacob are co-founders of the Extraordinaries, and they want to turn your spare time into social good by delivering on-demand opportunities to volunteer. Sounds simple enough, but the real kicker, is that they are building a platform to enable all of this volunteer activity to take place on your mobile phone.

I know what you're thinking - how could anyone have a meaningful volunteer experience from the comfort of their mobile phone, let alone in 20 minutes? But, as issues of work life balance mount, and the constraints on our precious little free time become even greater, it's efforts like the Extraordinaries that may just transform the way we find time to give back and volunteer. To learn more about how it works check out the great video they’ve put together.

And, if you have ideas on the kinds of high quality volunteer experiences that could be supported by this kind of mobile platform, we want to hear from you. Would you use this? What are the types of things you'd be most interested in doing? Do you think short term engagement like this could ever bring the same kind of satisfaction as hands-on volunteering?

"Donating to the Red Cross to support victims of Hurricane Gustav is like buying a GM car - why would you when there are so many better choices that fit the Connected Age? C'mon, Team Obama, stop trying to appease and start trying to change the world!"

That's the intro to Allison's blistering post over at Personal Democracy Forum about the Obama campaign's call to aid Gulf hurricane victims by donating to the Red Cross. This ties in to one of our favorite (and as yet unanswered) issues -- are traditional institutions outdated? And if so, should we try adapting them, or rather let them fall by the wayside and move to more progressive models?